Solar Energy Theory

This module introduces the principles of solar energy and the fundamental difference between an electromagnetic wave and field. The basics of electric charge are presented and the main processes associated with the photovoltaic effect are described. The impact of solar azimuth, zenith and elevation angle are discussed as well as the differences between solar irradiance and insolation. The impact of solar panel orientation on energy output is described and the three basic types of solar collectors are discussed. In addition, the student will learn how to compare magnetic north and true north in order to find magnetic declination.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

  • Apply the principle of electric charge

  • Express Coulomb’s Law

  • Differentiate between an electromagnetic wave and field

  • Define the term solar geometry

  • Describe the basic principle of atomic structure

  • Differentiate between conductors, semiconductors and insulators 

  • Explain solar azimuth, zenith and elevation angle

  • Name the three main processes behind the photovoltaic effect

  • Compare magnetic north and true north to find magnetic declination

  • Explain the difference between solar irradiance and insolation

  • Describe the impact of solar panel orientation on energy output

  • List the three basic types of solar collectors

  • Describe the principle of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems